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Accessories
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Structures or elements that communicate sewer systems to the outside, enabling to perform inspection, cleaning and repair work. Major accessories are: manhole, drop manhole, special holes and connecting holes.
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Phreatic water
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Natural water found in subsoil at a depth that depends on the geological, topographic and climatic conditions of every region.
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Urban wastewater
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Combination of liquids resulting from primary household and commercial use, which has caused their original degradation.
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Stormwater
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Water originated in rainfall.
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Municipal wastewater
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Water coming from a municipal water system.
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Sewer
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Piping in the sewer system mains that collects runoffs of household waters and carries them to culverts.
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Drain
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Underground piping used in towns to carry and dispose of wastewaters derived from household, commercial and industrial uses.
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Sanitary sewer system
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Sewer system mains, typically tubes, used to drain and carry, quickly and safely, wastewaters from households, business facilities and small commercial plants to a treatment plant, and finally to a dumping site, where these waters do not cause any damage or nuisance.
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Rubber grommets
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Elastomeric element used to seal tube joints or gaskets, to achieve watertightness.
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Wastewater runoffs
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Wastewater volume per inhabitant/day used to obtain design flows.
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Culvert
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Public service tube installed typically along and on the centerline of streets, with the function of collecting water from sewers and carry them to subcollectors and collectors.
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Connecting hole
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Structure used for the same function as manholes, except that these are built at meet points of two or more tubes with diameters of 76 cm and larger.
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Collector
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Piping to collect flows from culverts in manholes; these tubes may be simple or branched. Branches are also known as subcollectors.
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House lateral
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Set of pieces used to connect the internal sewage system (sewer) to culvert mains.
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Emitter
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Tube receiving water from a collector or interceptor. Emitters do not receive any additional runoff in their path, and their function is to carry wastewaters to the treatment plant. The tube carrying treated water from the treatment plant to the discharge site is also known as emitter.
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Watertightness
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Characteristic of a sanitary system that prevents water passage (exfiltrations and infiltrations) through tube walls, fittings and accessories.
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Airtightness
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Characteristic of piping mains that prevents water passage (exfiltrations and infiltrations) through joints.
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Interceptor
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Tube that collects partially or totally the flow from two or more collectors.
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Gasket
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The joint system between two tubes and/or accessories.
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Trunk lines
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Piping to collectors, typically parallel, operating as culverts.
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Drop manhole
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Manhole that serves fundamentally to compensate grades.
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Special hole
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Manhole built over collectors and emitters with diameters of 76 cm to 107 cm.
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Manhole
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Accessory placed or built in the sewer system mains, which serves to modify flow direction, diameter and slope; enables inflow from culverts, as well as system venting, with adequate sizing for access by one worker for mains inspection and maintenance.
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Lateral hole
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Structure formed by a box, where internal private house drains meet and is generally built in masonry, bricks or concrete.
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Flexible system
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Property of a sanitary piping line to enable a relative movement between components (tube, fittings and accessories).
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Wastewater treatment
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Series of artificial processes to which wastewaters are subject to remove or modify objectionable constituents and to obtain a quality that meets the requirements for final disposal, according to regulatory requirements related to prevention and control of environment contamination.
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Pressure piping
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Tube with a hydraulic design for internal pressure operation, such as in wastewater pumping lines and traps.
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Piping working as channel
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Sanitary sewer system piping mains with an hydraulic design to enable free surface operation (gravity).
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Dumping
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Site where an emitter or interceptor delivers treated municipal wastewaters for final disposal. Also known as outfall.
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